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Journal of Animal Science Dec 2022This study aimed to determine the viability of sporozoites from Eimeria bovis when exposed to sodium butyrate (SB), monensin (MON), or butyric acid (BA), and to...
Short Communication: effect of sodium butyrate, monensin, and butyric acid on the viability of Eimeria bovis sporozoites and their degree of damage to a bovine epithelial cell line.
This study aimed to determine the viability of sporozoites from Eimeria bovis when exposed to sodium butyrate (SB), monensin (MON), or butyric acid (BA), and to determine the effects of SB on sporozoite invasion of cells in comparison to MON as measured by the damage to a bovine epithelial cell line. To determine viability, isolated sporozoites were suspended in one of four treatments: control (CON) of cell culture medium alone, SB = 0.028 mg/mL suspended in control medium, MON = 0.01 mg/mL suspended in CON, and BA = 0.18 mg/mL suspended in CON. The number of live sporozoites was less for the MON and BA treatments compared to the CON and SB treatments. The number of dead sporozoites was similar regardless of treatment. There was a trend for treatment to affect the percent sporozoite viability. Control, SB and BA treatments were similar, while MON compared to control and SB had decreased percent viability. Results for MON, when compared to BA, were similar for percent viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used to determine cellular damage to Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells when exposed to E. bovis sporozoites in vitro. Cells were exposed to similar numbers of sporozoites and treated with: CON, SB = 0.028 mg/mL in control medium, MON = 0.01 mg/mL in control medium. Control LDH result (with sporozoites) was greater than both the SB and MON treatments while the LDH for SB and Mon and cells not exposed to sporozoites were similar. SB and MON were both shown to decrease cellular damage to MDBK cells as determined by decreased LDH release. SB has the potential to act as an anticoccidial alternative to MON.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Eimeria; Monensin; Butyric Acid; Sporozoites; Epithelial Cells
PubMed: 36315476
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac360 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Dec 2023Fecal microbiota is a significant factor determining the cause, course, and prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, the factors affecting mucosa-associated...
Reduction of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota is associated with the history of abdominal surgery in patients with Crohn's disease.
Fecal microbiota is a significant factor determining the cause, course, and prognosis of Crohn's disease (CD). However, the factors affecting mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) remain unclear. This retrospective study examined the differences in ileal MAM between CD patients and healthy controls and investigated the factors affecting MAM in CD patients to clarify potential therapeutic targets. Ileal MAM was obtained using brush forceps during endoscopic examination from 23 healthy controls and 32 CD patients (most were in remission). The samples' microbiota was profiled using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Compared to controls, CD patients had significantly reduced -diversity in the ileum and a difference in -diversity. The abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal MAM was significantly lower in CD patients with a history of abdominal surgery than in those without. Because butyric acid is a major energy source in the intestinal epithelium, its metabolism via β-oxidation increases oxygen consumption in epithelial cells, reducing oxygen concentration in the intestinal lumen and increasing the abundance of obligate anaerobic bacteria. The suppression of obligate anaerobes in CD patients caused an overgrowth of facultative anaerobes. Summarily, reducing the abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the ileal MAM may play an important role in CD pathophysiology.
Topics: Humans; Crohn Disease; Butyric Acid; Retrospective Studies; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ileum; Microbiota; Bacteria; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 37530134
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2241615 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2021The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a blend based on α-monolaurin mono-, di- and triglycerides of butyric acid, and lysolecithin on the...
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a blend based on α-monolaurin mono-, di- and triglycerides of butyric acid, and lysolecithin on the performance even on diets containing reduced inclusion of oil in the diet and without the use of growth-promoting antibiotics of broilers considering the effect on health, performance, and meat. Three treatments were defined: positive control (TP: with enramycin), negative control (TN: no enramycin), and blend (T-FRA: with monolaurin and glycerides of acid butyric minus 0.8% soybean oil). At 21 days, broilers treated with TP and T-FRA obtained the lower feed conversion ratio (FC); at 35 days, T-FRA broilers obtained lower FC than TN broilers. Cholesterol levels were higher in the blood of T-FRA broilers. On day 42, levels of ROS and TBARS were lower in the intestine, muscles, and liver of T-FRA broilers. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase and total non-enzymatic antioxidants were greater at the intestinal and muscular levels. The T-FRA broilers had a lower percentage of lipids in the meat. The MIC indicated that 111mg of the blend/mL inhibited the growth of E. coli; however, the counts of total coliforms and E. coli in the feces and the broilers' litter did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, the addition of the blend T-FRA in broiler diets was able to improve the feed conversion and maintain the other performance parameters even considering a reduction of 0.8% in the inclusion of oil.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Butyric Acid; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Escherichia coli; Glycerides; Intestines; Laurates; Meat; Monoglycerides
PubMed: 34909829
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210687 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023Breast cancer patients are characterized by the oncobiotic transformation of multiple microbiome communities, including the gut microbiome. Oncobiotic transformation of...
Breast cancer patients are characterized by the oncobiotic transformation of multiple microbiome communities, including the gut microbiome. Oncobiotic transformation of the gut microbiome impairs the production of antineoplastic bacterial metabolites. The goal of this study was to identify bacterial metabolites with antineoplastic properties. We constructed a 30-member bacterial metabolite library and screened the library compounds for effects on cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The metabolites were applied to 4T1 murine breast cancer cells in concentrations corresponding to the reference serum concentrations. However, yric acid, glycolic acid, d-mannitol, 2,3-butanediol, and trans-ferulic acid exerted cytostatic effects, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid exerted hyperproliferative effects. Furthermore, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-butanediol, and hydrocinnamic acid inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition. We identified redox sets among the metabolites (d-mannitol-d-mannose, 1-butanol-butyric acid, ethylene glycol-glycolic acid-oxalic acid), wherein only one partner within the set (d-mannitol, butyric acid, glycolic acid) possessed bioactivity in our system, suggesting that changes to the local redox potential may affect the bacterial secretome. Of the nine bioactive metabolites, 2,3-butanediol was the only compound with both cytostatic and anti-EMT properties.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Cytostatic Agents; Butyric Acid; Cell Line, Tumor; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Proliferation
PubMed: 37570868
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155898 -
Croatian Medical Journal Dec 2023To assess the effects of 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) on oxidative stress, inflammation, liver histology, endoplasmic (ER) reticulum stress, and the expression levels of...
AIM
To assess the effects of 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) on oxidative stress, inflammation, liver histology, endoplasmic (ER) reticulum stress, and the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter family members in a hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model.
METHODS
Thirty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham, IR, IR + 100 mg kg-1 PBA, IR + 200 mg kg-1 PBA, and IR + placebo. After sacrifice, we assessed serum biochemical variables, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS). The expression levels of Abcc (2 and 5), Abcg2, Abcf2, Ire1-α, and Perk genes were measured with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
Serum biochemical variables, MPO, MDA, TAS, and TOS levels of the PBA groups (especially in the low dose group) were lower than in the IR and placebo group (P<0.05). Histological tissue damage in the IR group was more severe than in the PBA groups. Ire1-α and Perk expression levels were significantly lower in the PBA groups than the IR group (P<0.001). Abcc (2 and 5) and Abcg2 expression levels were significantly lower in the IR group than in the sham and PBA groups (P<0.001, P<0.035, and P<0.009, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The use of PBA significantly positively affected IR injury, which makes PBA a candidate treatment to reduce liver IR.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Butyric Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Oxidative Stress; Ischemia; Reperfusion; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Gene Expression
PubMed: 38168520
DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2023.64.391 -
Microbial Biotechnology Sep 2015Butyric acid is a valuable building-block for the production of chemicals and materials and nowadays it is produced exclusively from petroleum. The aim of this study was...
Butyric acid is a valuable building-block for the production of chemicals and materials and nowadays it is produced exclusively from petroleum. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable and robust strain of Clostridium tyrobutyricum that produces butyric acid at a high yield and selectivity from lignocellulosic biomasses. Pretreated (by wet explosion) and enzymatically hydrolysed wheat straw (PHWS), rich in C6 and C5 sugars (71.6 and 55.4 g l(-1) of glucose and xylose respectively), was used as substrate. After one year of serial selections, an adapted strain of C. tyrobutyricum was developed. The adapted strain was able to grow in 80% (v v(-1) ) PHWS without addition of yeast extract compared with an initial tolerance to less than 10% PHWS and was able to ferment both glucose and xylose. It is noticeable that the adapted C. tyrobutyricum strain was characterized by a high yield and selectivity to butyric acid. Specifically, the butyric acid yield at 60-80% PHWS lie between 0.37 and 0.46 g g(-1) of sugar, while the selectivity for butyric acid was as high as 0.9-1.0 g g(-1) of acid. Moreover, the strain exhibited a robust response in regards to growth and product profile at pH 6 and 7.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Butyric Acid; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Fermentation; Plant Stems; Triticum
PubMed: 26230610
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12304 -
Journal of the American Heart... Jul 2020Background Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of...
Microbe-Derived Butyrate and Its Receptor, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3, But Not Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Mitigate Neointimal Hyperplasia Susceptibility After Arterial Injury.
Background Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of microbe-derived butyrate, FFAR2 (free fatty acid receptor 2), and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 3) in mitigating neointimal hyperplasia development in remodeling murine arteries after injury. Methods and Results C57BL/6 mice treated with oral vancomycin before unilateral femoral wire injury to deplete gut microbiota had significantly diminished serum and stool butyrate and more neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury, which was reversed by concomitant butyrate supplementation. Deficiency of FFAR3 but not FFAR2, both receptors for butyrate, exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after injury. FFAR3 deficiency was also associated with delayed recovery of the endothelial layer in vivo. FFAR3 gene expression was observed in multiple peripheral arteries, and expression was increased after arterial injury. Treatment of endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells with the pharmacologic FFAR3 agonist 1-methylcyclopropane carboxylate stimulated cellular migration and proliferation in scratch assays. Conclusions Our results support a protective role for butyrate and FFAR3 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury and delineate activation of the butyrate-FFAR3 pathway as a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Butyric Acid; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Femoral Artery; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hyperplasia; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neointima; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Signal Transduction; Vancomycin; Vascular System Injuries
PubMed: 32580613
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.016235 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Sep 2020Approximately 33.6% of nondiabetic solid organ transplant recipients who received tacrolimus developed hyperglycemia. Whether the tacrolimus-induced gut microbiota is...
Approximately 33.6% of nondiabetic solid organ transplant recipients who received tacrolimus developed hyperglycemia. Whether the tacrolimus-induced gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of hyperglycemia has not been reported. Hyperglycemia was observed in a tacrolimus-treated mouse model, with reduction in taxonomic abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and decreased butyric acid concentration in the cecum. This tacrolimus-induced glucose metabolic disorder was caused by the gut microbiota, as confirmed by a broad-spectrum antibiotic model. Furthermore, oral supplementation with butyrate, whether for remedy or prevention, significantly increased the butyric acid content in the cecum and arrested hyperglycemia through the regulation of glucose-regulating hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and insulin, in serum. The butyrate-G-protein-coupled receptor 43-GLP-1 pathway in the intestinal crypts may be involved in the pathogenesis of normalization of hyperglycemia caused by the tacrolimus. Therefore, tacrolimus affects glucose metabolism through the butyrate-associated GLP-1 pathway in the gut, and oral supplementation with butyrate provides new insights for the prevention and treatment of tacrolimus-induced hyperglycemia in transplant recipients.
Topics: Animals; Butyric Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Hyperglycemia; Mice; Tacrolimus
PubMed: 32243709
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15880 -
Nutrients Dec 2023Ischemic stroke (IS) is a vascular disease group concomitant with high morbidity and mortality. Berberine is a bioactive substance and it has been known to improve...
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a vascular disease group concomitant with high morbidity and mortality. Berberine is a bioactive substance and it has been known to improve stroke, but its mechanism is yet to be proven. Mice were fed with BBR for 14 days. Then, the mice were made into MCAO/R models. Neurological score, infarct volume, neuronal damage and markers associated with inflammation were detected. We tested the changes in intestinal flora in model mice after BBR administration using 16SrRNA sequencing. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect butyrate chemically. Tissue immunofluorescence was used to detect the changes in the microglia and astroglia in the mice brains. Our findings suggest that berberine improves stroke outcomes by modulating the gut microbiota. Specifically, after MCAO/R mice were given berberine, the beneficial bacteria producing butyric acid increased significantly, and the mice also had significantly higher levels of butyric acid. The administration of butyric acid and an inhibitor of butyric acid synthesis, heptanoyl-CoA, showed that butyric acid improved the stroke outcomes in the model mice. In addition, butyric acid could inhibit the activation of the microglia and astrocytes in the brains of model mice, thereby inhibiting the generation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α as well as improving stroke outcomes. Our results suggest that berberine may improve stroke outcomes by modulating the gut flora to increase the abundance of butyric acid. These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which berberine improves stroke outcomes and provide some basis for clinical treatment.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Berberine; Butyric Acid; Stroke; Brain Ischemia
PubMed: 38201839
DOI: 10.3390/nu16010009 -
Oncology Reports Mar 2019Butyric acid (BA) has been reported to induce anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, its delivery and release...
Butyric acid (BA) has been reported to induce anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, its delivery and release in cancer tissues must be optimized. On the basis of these requirements, we prepared liposomes coated with chitosan and uncoated liposomes and both types were loaded with BA through a thin-film hydration method. The liposomes coated or uncoated with chitosan had a mean hydrodynamic size of 83.5 and 110.3 nm, respectively, with a homogeneous size distribution of the particles. For evaluation of the biological effects of the nanoformulations, the hepatoblastoma (HB) HepG2 cell line was utilized. BA-loaded liposomes coated with chitosan showed a considerable higher cytotoxicity than both uncoated liposomes and free BA, with IC50 values, after 72 h of incubation, of 7.5, 2.5 and 1.6 mM, respectively. Treatment of HepG2 cells for 5 h with the BA-loaded liposomes coated with chitosan at 5 mM lowered the extent of the increase in IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β expression of approximately 64, 58, 85 and 73.8%, respectively, when compared to the untreated cells. The BA-loaded liposomes coated with chitosan had marked capacity to be internalized in human HB cells showing an increased cytotoxic activity when compared with free BA and important anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting production of cytokines with a central role in liver cell survival.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Butyric Acid; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Survival; Chitosan; Cytokines; Drug Carriers; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liposomes; Liver Neoplasms
PubMed: 30569138
DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6932